Autism and Biophilic Design
Biophilia is defined as a love of nature, living things and natural processes. Intentionally incorporating elements of nature inside buildings (and communities) is called biophilic design, and studies have proven that this enhances human physical, emotional and spiritual health and wellbeing.
There is a wealth of research which demonstrates that biophilic design has a positive impact on wellbeing and learning. For example, research demonstrates that attentional capacity (which is essential for cognitive functioning) is restored when children/students engage with nature; this means they are less easily distracted and are more able to manage daily tasks.
Biophilic design in schools can offer several benefits for children with autism by creating environments that are more supportive of their sensory needs, cognitive development, and overall well-being.
Here are some of the benefits:
1. Reduced Stress and Anxiety: Biophilic elements such as natural light, greenery, and views of nature have been shown to reduce stress and anxiety levels among children with autism.
2. Improved Focus and Attention: Natural elements like plants, water features, and natural materials can help improve concentration and attention span, which can be particularly beneficial for children with autism who may struggle with sensory overload.
3. Sensory Regulation: Biophilic design can provide opportunities for sensory stimulation and regulation, helping children with autism to better manage sensory input and maintain a sense of calm.
4. Enhanced Social Interaction: Spaces designed with biophilic principles can promote social interaction and communication skills, as well as provide opportunities for solitary activities and relaxation.
Image of the Garden School designed by Oliver Heath in London
At the Garden School in London, designer Oliver Heath provided natural elements through textures, patterns and colors as well as through images of nature used on the wall coverings. Research has demonstrated that using nature inspired design in this way can positively impact perceptual and physiological stress responses.
The room features elements to promote both a sense safety, interest and excitement, but also retreat to foster feelings of security and recuperation for the children (note: no plants were incorporated in the design). A window seat offers safe views of the playground, along with an abundance of rejuvenating natural light. Hexagonal cubicles also offer a space for children to relax and restore their mental energy. And with their varying pile-heights, the textured carpets provide tactile references to nature - key to helping de-stress, energize and relax.
Hexagon-shaped cubicles provide refuge for children with autism
Watch this 3 minute video to learn more about the Garden School…
Examples of materials, patterns, sounds, and colors that can be incorporated into biophilic design for schools catering to children with autism:
MATERIALS
- Natural wood: Wooden furniture, flooring, and finishes can create a warm and calming environment.
- Stone: Incorporating stone elements like pebbles, rocks, or stone walls can evoke a sense of being connected to nature.
- Cork: Cork flooring or wall coverings can provide a soft, tactile surface and absorb sound.
- Wool and other natural fibers: Soft textiles made from natural fibers can add texture and comfort to the space.
NATURAL PATTERNS
- Biomorphic patterns: Patterns inspired by natural forms such as leaves, flowers, or fractal designs can create a sense of connection to nature.
- Organic shapes: Furniture and decor with organic, curved shapes can mimic natural forms and promote a sense of tranquility.
- Water ripple patterns: Patterns resembling water ripples can be used in flooring or wall designs to evoke a calming effect. The presence of water, reduces stress, improves concentration and memory restoration.
SOUNDS
- Nature sounds: Incorporating recordings of birdsong, flowing water, or rustling leaves can create a soothing auditory environment. Gentle wind chimes can provide auditory stimulation without being overwhelming and white noise or other ambient sounds can help mask distracting noises and create a more peaceful atmosphere.
NATURAL, DYNAMIC LIGHT
Abundant natural light, without uncomfortable glare, is important for student concentration and helps with proper circadian function.
COLORS
- Earth tones: Colors inspired by nature, such as greens, browns, and blues, can create a sense of harmony and balance.
- Soft pastels: Gentle, muted colors can help create a calming environment without being overly stimulating.
- Neutral colors: Beige, taupe, and other neutral shades can serve as a calming backdrop for more vibrant biophilic elements.
